Sweet Minazuki

You may have seen "minazuki" (水無月), a kind of Japanese confection that is often eaten during June. It is shaped like a triangle and made of "uiro", a combination of rice powder and sugar, and topped with sweet azuki beans. Depending on the type, colors may include green (green tea), black or white (sugar).

Minazuki literally means 'month without water'. The lunar calendar used in Japan until 1873 records minazuki as a period of hot humid weather with little rain. Today, minazuki is referred to as the month of July. Also, according to "Wakun-no-shiori" (和訓栞), a Japanese language dictionary used in the late 18th century, minazuki has another meaning. In this second meaning, although the reading of the Chinese characters are the same, minazuki, they look like this, 水月, and mean 'month of water'. The word is derived from a period when rice fields were filled with water.

Originally thought of as a way of driving away evil spirits, in Kyoto it is a custom to eat minazuki on the 30th of June. In the past, around this time of the year illness was rampant. The warm weather tended to take away peoples' appetites and leave them susceptible to disease. However, the pleasant taste of uiro would help people regain both their appetite and health. The secret was in the topping of azuki beans, which act as natural antidote against illness. Azuki beans contain both saponin and vitamin B1. The former assists in neutralizing and dispelling waste materials from the body, while the latter helps prevent "beriberi", a fatal disease common among rice eating peoples.

An event known as "Nagoshi-no-harae" (夏越の祓), is held in late June at shrines all over Japan. The purpose is to expel evil and wish for good health during the coming hot summer. In Kyoto, Kamigamo-jinja Shrine is a popular venue for this event. There, a large ring made out of "chigaya" or cogon (looks like coarse straw) is arranged in a standing position, through which people pass. As they pass through the ring they expel the evil spirits within them. Another way to rid yourself of evil spirits is to write your name and age on "hito-gata", paper cutouts representing people. The "hitogata" are then set adrift on a stream, the final act in cleansing the person's spirit. This ritual is similar to the one performed during the Dolls' Festival.

How did minazuki get its triangle shape? In "Wagashi-monogatari" (和菓子物語), a book about Japanese confectionery written by NAKAYAMA Keiko, it states that the unique shape of minazuki was representative of triangle-shaped ice, or kori (). In other words, ice was the inspiration behind the design. Although no reference is made, one could assume the cool looking clear-white color of minazuki also comes from ice. Also mentioned in the book is an event called "kori-no-sechie" (氷の節会), or ice offering, which supposedly took place at the Imperial Palace on the 1st of June every year. Apparently ice, a rare commodity, especially in summer, was brought to the Palace from "himuro" (氷室), large icehouses located in Kibune, north of Kyoto. In another book entitled "Heiancho-no-Nenjugyoji" (平安朝の年中行事), 'Heian Period: Events of the Year', it refers to event using ice which took place at the Imperial Palace on New Years Day. At this event, a fortune-teller would predict a good or bad coming harvest based on the thickness of the ice. Afterwards, the ice would then be cut into small pieces and placed in sake (rice wine) which the emperor and court officials would consume. Although it is not clear, this may have been the same event, "kori-no-sechie".

A sweet shrouded in mystery, it is unclear even when minazuki first appeared. However, one can say it's origin is closely linked to the two phrases, "nagoshi-no-harae" and "kori-no-sechie". I suggest solving at least one mystery surrounding minazuki - its fine taste, by trying one this June. Hope you enjoy it!

  I. Hashimoto


Mini Promenade

Central Kyoto

Kyoto (京都) is renowned as a city that exudes a sophisticated sense of Japanese style and grace, combined with mesmerizing natural beauty and a wealth of tradition. Kyoto is honmono (本物), “genuine” the essence of Japan. But, is this prevailing image of Kyoto her real face?

I believe this perception of Kyoto is very strong. Undoubtedly there are many reasons for this as well. However, it does not tell the full story. Instead of focusing on these commonly accepted images, I would like to introduce the Kyoto that I see and know.

To be totally honest, this city is not without vulgarity and untidiness; there are plenty of jagged edges. Why? Well, put simply - people live here. People contribute to some of the best and the worst elements of the city. As human beings, we all have our different sides; good, bad and

somewhere in between. But isn that a part of our individual charm - the combination of both the ’pure’ uwazumi (うわずみ), what we like to show, and zokuppoi (俗っぽい), the ‘impure’ or not so ideal attributes we prefer to disguise. Such characteristics are also found here in Kyoto. I believe these characteristics are a part of her true essence.

Kyoto, like many other cities around the world, is made up of the genuine and the fake, the traditional and the modern - both sides appear to go hand in hand. If I were to pick out a distinctive feature of Kyoto, it would probably be its traditional culture and the spiritual feeling that naturally flows from these cultural roots. This can be seen in the architecture and the way people lead their lives. However, while the tangible aspects of the city, its many designated national treasures, have been well preserved and maintained, l feel the pride and spiritual elements that we Kyotoites, moreover, we Japanese, once felt for this city is gradually being lost. I’m referring to the increasing desire of convenienceover harmonious traditional surroundings. For example, convenience stores now neighbor shrines, and pop music or enka (traditional Japanese music)

are beginning to infiltrate many historical places around Kyoto. Can’t we simply enjoy the sounds of nature anymore? Change is inevitable, but perhaps a little more thought needs to be put into the process.

The following places around Go-sho (Imperial Palace) are a few examples (in no particular order) of what remains of Old Kyoto. I’m sure you will be touched by the historical charm of this area. Let’s start walking!

 

Nashinoki Jinja Shrine (梨木神社)

On weekends and public holidays there is usually a long queue of people waiting to fill their containers with pure spring water flowing from Someino-i Well (染井), one of three famous wells in Kyoto, and the only one that now remains. The other two, Agata-i Well (県井) and Samega-I Well (醒井) no longer exist. It is said that you will be blessed with love if you touch the “Ainoki” (愛乃木), the ‘love tree’ in front of Someino-i Well. This shrine is also famous for “Hagi” (), bush clover, which is often used as an ikebana (flower arrangement) decoration during tea ceremony. The best time to view Hagi is during mid September when it is in peak bloom.

Admission: Free.

Inquiries: 075-211-0885

 

Shoukoku-ji Temple(相国寺)

This temple was founded in 1382, but was burnt down in the civil wars “Onin and Bunmei-no-Ran” (応仁、文明の乱,1467-87). It was reconstructed, but again devastated by fire in 1788. Most of the present buildings’ reconstruction was completed by1818. “Hodo” (法堂), located in the temple precincts is the oldest Zen temple in Kyoto. It’s ceiling is known as “Nakitenjo” (泣き天井), crying ceiling, to symbolize the chanting voices of the Buddhist monks. Also, famous artist KANO Mitunobu painted a huge dragon on the ceiling. On the right side of this temple is “Jyotenkaku” (承天閣), known as the cultural center of Zen (musuem).

Admission: \800

Inquiries: 075-231-0301

Open: 10:00-16:00 (everyday)

Admission: \600 (jotenkaku)

Open:10:00-16:30)

 

Toraya (虎屋)… Sweets shop

According to official records, “Toraya” (虎屋) first appeared during the Muromachi Period with the opening of its shop in Kyoto under the name “Shigou-Toraya”(市豪虎屋)around 1600. However, is thought to have existed since the Nara Period. Currently there are 72 Toraya branches, including shops in both Paris and New York. Ownership has been passed down since Toraya was established, with current owners the 17th generation. Besides their original traditional sweets, Toraya is continuously searching for new types of sweets to suit the tastes of people today. At the tea house to the back of the shop you can try many kind of sweets and tea.

Open: 9:00 ~19:00, 9:00 ~18:00 (Sunday, Nat. Hol.).

Inquiries: 075-441-3111

 

Ippo-do(一保堂)… Japanese tea shop

This shop was founded in 1717, and is one of the most famous traditional tea shops in Japan. The shop stocks a wide selection of traditional teas. Next door at the tea house you can relax and enjoy tea and a sweet.

Shop Open: 9:00 ~19:00, 9:00 ~18:00 (Sun.)

Tea House Open: 11:00 ~17:00

Inquiries: 075-211-3421

 

Kobaien(古梅園)… Calligraphy shop

This shop first opened in Nara about 1580, and moved to this current site in Kyoto around 1810. If you are interested in calligraphy this is a good place to visit. There is a good range of brushes, inks, and Japanese paper.

Open: 9:00 ~17:30, 10:00 ~17:00 (Sunday, Nat. Hol.)

Inquiries: 075-231-1531

 

Sawai-shoyu(澤井醤油)… Soy sauce shop

This shop was founded about 140 years ago, with current owners the 4th generation. As the name indicates, they mainly sell “shoyu” (醤油), soy sauce. One of their specialties is unrefined soy sauce, or “moromi” (もろみ), as you see on the signboard in the photograph. Moromi is made from soybeans or wheat and looks like a thick black paste. Japanese people love it on hot boiled rice or vegetables. In the past, shop owners used to give moromi, which at that stage was not an item for sale, to regular customers as an end-of-year gift. Later, as a result of it’s popularity, moromi became a standard commodity in shoyu shops.

Open: 8:30~17:00 (closed Sunday, Nat. Hol.)

Inquiries: 075-441-2204

 

Honda Miso(本田味噌)Miso shop

Founded around 1800, this shop stocks a variety of “miso” or fermented bean paste. Among them is the particularly famous “Saikyo Shiro Miso” (西京白味噌), a high quality white colored miso originating from western Kyoto. Each district in Japan has its own unique “ozoni” (お雑煮), a soup containing vegetables and rice cakes, eaten for breakfast on New Year’s Day. In Kyoto we use (saikyo) shiro miso in our ‘ozouni’ to give it a delicious original flavor. Besides miso, the shop also sells tarts and cookies made from miso.

Open: 10:00 ~18:00 & Nat. Hol. (closed Sun.)

Inquiries: 075-441-1131

A. Tara

 


A Mountain of Mold

"Oh, no! This slice of bread is stained with black spots!"..."I can't believe how bad this leather book case stinks!" You may have had such experiences in Japan, especially during the rainy season. It is the work of mold!

What actually is mold? Mold or kabi () is a microbe, a type of fungi which grows on certain objects and in places that are damp or moist. It initially develops in soil, from where its spores are spread by rain and wind. Mold, while commonly associated with the decomposing and spoiling of food, also forms on leathers, fibers, and woods, growing off the nutrients contained within them. Stale damp air, high humidity (80% +) and a temperature ranging between 20-30 degrees are all ideal conditions for mold to flourish.

There are several diseases attributed to mold, including asthmatic bronchitis (小児ぜんそく), tinea (水虫), allergic rhinitis (アレルギー性鼻炎) and candidiasis (カンジダ症). However, there are also many benefits and tasty by-products of mold.

Thanks to the properties of mold we are provided with an array of fermented food and drink products. Traditional Japanese favorites such as miso (soybean paste), shoyu (soy sauce), sake (rice wine) and amazake (sweet rice wine) are just a few examples. And this is to say nothing of cheese, wine, or exploits in other areas. In the field of medicine, for instance, it is well known that penicillin, a drug used to prevent or treat infections caused by bacteria, is produced from blue mold. Furthermore, other microbes including mold are currently being applied in developing new kinds of medicine.

To prevent food from molding there are a few things you might like to consider. First, heating can be an effective means of sanitizing food. In other words, thoroughly heating food will kill most bacteria that exist, therefore making it safe to eat. Second, it's a good idea to keep food dry and cool by storing in the refrigerator. Third, make sure all food is well sealed. Finally, be sure to eat food that has been opened as soon as possible. Other effective means of protecting food include soaking in vinegar or dusting over with sugar or salt.

As mentioned above, mold is not restricted to food. Consider the following suggestions for preventing mold in the home.

 

Tips for a mold-free household

1. Choose a sunny day in May and October and give your house a thorough cleaning. Afterwards,

open up the entire place so as to let fresh air into every nook and cranny.

2. In humid and musty parts of the house, do not put furniture close to the wall. Allow a gap of at least 5-cm.

3. Clean ventilation openings under the floor of the house to allow free flow of air.

4. Do not use gas or kerosene heaters for long periods at a time, as such heating devices give off vapor.

5. In winter make it a rule to open windows after dinner for ventilation

6. Put dehumidifiers in closets and shoe cupboards to prevent the build up of moisture.

7. Keep filters attached to air conditioners and vacuum cleaners clean.

8. Make sure to open windows when vacuuming up a moldy area.

9. Get rid of mold with chemical removers as soon as you discover it. Aftercare is also necessary to prevent reappearance.

 

I hope this provides some useful information on getting through the warm weather season hassle free!

Y. Matsuda & M. Matsushita


Testing Tongue Twisters

Ever been tongue-tied? Well, get ready for a whole new experience!

The following "hayakuchi-kotoba" (早口言葉) or tongue twisters, will test out your skills. Try repeating them quickly three times in a row!

 

1) Tonari-no-kyaku wa yoku kaki ku kyaku da(隣の客はよく柿食う客だ).

Meaning: The neighbor's guest eats a lot of persimmons / is a good eater of persimmons.

 

2) Tokyo tokkyo-kyoka-kyoku kyoka-kyokucho (東京特許許可局許可局長).

Meaning: The Director of Tokyo Patent Office.

 

3) Nama mugi, nama gome, nama tamago (生麦、生米、生卵).

Meaning: Fresh wheat, fresh rice, raw egg.

 

4) Oyagame-no-ue-ni kogame, kogame-no-ue-ni magogame, magogame-no-ue-ni himagogame

(親ガメの上に子ガメ、子ガメの上に孫ガメ、孫ガメの上にひ孫ガメ)

Meaning: Child turtle on top of parent turtle, grandchild turtle on top of child turtle, great grandchild turtle on top of grandchild turtle.

M. Amanuma